01 · Level 1What you press, what it costs, and where your money actually sits. Fifteen lessons, each one answering a question a first-time account holder asks.
Basics: how a trade and an account work
- 1.1
What happens when you press Buy
An order leaves your platform, gets filled at a price, becomes an open position, and ends when you close it. Four steps, and every cost attaches to one of them.
- 1.2
Pairs and quotes: what 1.0850 means
A quote is the price of the first currency in the second. The number you see moves in the last decimal place, and that place has a money value.
- 1.3
What a pip is worth in money
A pip is the smallest standard price step. What it is worth depends on lot size and the pair, so the same twenty-pip move pays differently on different trades.
- 1.4
Lots: standard, mini and micro
A lot is how much of the instrument one trade controls. Standard is 100,000 units, mini is a tenth of that, micro a hundredth.
- 1.5
The three costs: spread, commission, swap
You pay the spread on entry, commission on some account types, and swap for every night a position stays open. All three are known before you trade.
- 1.6
Overnight swap and swap-free accounts
Swap is the daily cost of holding a leveraged position. A swap-free account removes it and usually replaces it with another charge.
- 1.7
Leverage and margin: how much of the trade is yours
Leverage sets how large a position your deposit can hold. Margin is the part of your money locked against it while the trade is open.
- 1.8
Order types: market, limit, stop
A market order takes the current price. A limit waits for a better one. A stop triggers once price reaches a worse one.
- 1.9
Stop loss and take profit
Two instructions you attach to a position: one closes it at a loss you chose in advance, the other at a profit you chose in advance.
- 1.10
MT4, MT5 and cTrader: which to pick
The three platforms differ in instruments, order handling and how they report costs. The choice is reversible; the account type behind it is less so.
- 1.11
Trading from a phone
The phone app does everything the desktop one does except show you enough chart. What that changes about your decisions is the lesson.
- 1.12
Demo accounts: what they teach and where they lie
A demo teaches the platform and the arithmetic honestly. It cannot teach fills in a fast market, and it cannot teach how losing real money feels.
- 1.13
Account types: standard, raw spread, cent
The same trade costs different amounts on different account types. Raw spread accounts move the cost into commission rather than removing it.
- 1.14
Opening an account and passing verification
What documents a regulated broker has to ask for, why it has to ask, and the checks that hold an application up.
- 1.15
Deposits and withdrawals with local methods
Which local payment methods reach a broker, how long each leg takes, and why a withdrawal usually has to go back the way the deposit came.
What the level covers and the order it follows
This level starts with the mechanics of a single trade. You see what happens on the screen when an order is sent, and what the quoted price of EUR/USD at 1.0850 actually means. From there the lessons move to the money side: what a pip is worth in naira, how lot sizes change that value, and the three costs you pay on every position. Only after those costs are clear does the level explain leverage, margin and the order types that decide when a trade opens or closes. The final stretch deals with the account itself: which platform to use, how to open and verify an account, and how deposits and withdrawals work with local payment methods.
The order is deliberate. If you meet leverage before you can price a pip, you cannot see what a small move does to your balance. If you meet a stop loss before you know the spread, you cannot tell why the exit price differs from the one you set. Each idea is placed so that the next one has something solid to stand on. Nothing in this level asks you to predict a market. The aim is that you can read a quote, work out what a position costs, and find your money in the account system.
By the end you should be able to open a demo account, place a trade on EUR/USD, and explain in plain numbers where the spread, commission and swap appear. You should know how much of the position is your money and how much is borrowed, and what a margin call means for the balance you deposited. You should also be able to complete verification and move naira in and out using a bank transfer, USSD or a card. These are skills of understanding, not of profit.
What trips people up in this stretch
The most common mistake is treating a demo balance as if it were real money. A demo account fills orders and shows prices, but it cannot teach you how you behave when a loss is yours. It also cannot show you the slippage or the swap charges that vary between brokers. Use a demo to learn the buttons and the arithmetic, then treat every real trade as a cost first. The second trap is leverage. It is easy to open a position far larger than your balance can support, because the margin required looks small. The loss, however, is calculated on the full position size, not on the margin.
Another trip is the cost you do not see at the moment you click. The spread is built into the price, commission is charged separately, and swap is added for positions held overnight. A trade that looks flat on the chart can still lose money once those three are counted. People also confuse the price they request with the price they get. A market order fills at the best available price, which may differ from the last one on the screen. A limit order waits for your price, but it may never be reached. A stop order becomes a market order once triggered, so it can fill away from the trigger.
Verification is where many first accounts stall. A name mismatch between the bank transfer and the trading account, or a blurry document, will delay a withdrawal. Payment methods vary in speed and in the fees the provider charges, and those fees are not set by any one rule. SEC Nigeria regulates certain activities in this market, but it does not set the spreads or the swap rates you pay. Check the current terms on the platform you use, because they change and they differ between brokers.
How long it takes and how to work through it
Fifteen lessons is not a weekend. If you read one lesson and then practise the idea on a demo for twenty minutes, a realistic pace is one lesson a day. That gives you the level in about three weeks, with time to let each idea settle. If you rush all fifteen in two evenings, you will recognise the words but not the numbers. The arithmetic of pips and lots is the part that needs repetition, because it is the part you will use on every trade. The account and verification lessons are slower for a different reason: they depend on documents and on how quickly a payment method clears.
A useful routine is to keep a single sheet with three columns: the idea, the number it produces, and the cost it adds. For example, a micro lot on EUR/USD at 1.0850 gives a pip value you can write down, and the spread turns that into a cost before the market moves at all. When you meet leverage, add a row for margin. When you meet swap, add a row for the overnight charge. By the end of the level the sheet is a cost model of one trade, built by you. That sheet is worth more than any summary, because you can check every figure against the numbers beside it.
Do not skip the demo account step, and do not stay in it forever. Its purpose is to let you press Buy and Sell without money at risk while you learn what the platform shows. Once you can place a market order, a limit order and a stop loss without hesitating, and once you can say what each one costs, you are ready for the next level. If a term still feels vague, repeat the lesson that introduced it rather than moving on. The level is built so that each lesson assumes the one before it.
Doing it once, step by step
Work through the level in order, using a demo account for every action that involves a button. The steps below set up the habit of checking the cost before the trade.
- 01
Open a demo account and find the quote
Choose a platform from the lesson on MT4, MT5 and cTrader, then open a demo account. Find EUR/USD and note the price, around 1.0850. Write down the two numbers in the quote and which one is the buy price and which is the sell price. This is the first figure you will use in every cost calculation.
- 02
Calculate the pip value for a micro lot
Using the pip value lesson, work out what one pip is worth in naira for a micro lot on EUR/USD at 1.0850. Write the number on your cost sheet. Then work out the same for a mini lot and a standard lot. Check that each figure recomputes from the numbers you wrote beside it.
- 03
Place a trade and record the three costs
Place a small market order on the demo and note the spread at the moment of entry. Add the commission if the account type charges one. Hold the position overnight, or check the swap rate in the platform, and add that charge. The total is what the trade cost before the market moved.
- 04
Set a stop loss and a take profit
On the same demo position, set a stop loss and a take profit at prices you choose. Note that the stop becomes a market order when triggered, so the fill may differ from the trigger. Note that the take profit is a limit order and may not be reached. Close the trade and compare the result with your cost sheet.
- 05
Complete verification on a real account application
Start an account application with a broker that accepts Nigerian clients. Upload the identity and address documents it asks for, making sure the name matches your bank account. Do not deposit yet. The aim is to see what the process requires and how long it takes before you commit money.
- 06
Test a deposit and a withdrawal method
Check the deposit and withdrawal options for bank transfer, USSD and cards. Note the minimum, the fee and the stated processing time for each, remembering that these vary between providers. If you fund the account, start with an amount you can afford to lose, then make a small withdrawal to confirm the path back to your bank.
Questions that come up next
Do I need a lot of money to start this level?
No. The first lessons use a demo account, which costs nothing and uses practice funds. When you move to a real account, the smallest position is a micro lot, and on EUR/USD at 1.0850 one pip on a micro lot is about ₦0.11. That is small, but the spread and any commission are charged on every trade, so a few naira per position adds up. The level teaches you to count those costs before you deposit anything.
Which broker should I use for the lessons?
This course does not name or recommend a broker. Brokers differ in spread, commission, swap rates and the payment methods they accept, so any figure you see in a lesson can vary between them. What matters is that the broker is registered with SEC Nigeria, which you can check yourself. The lessons work with any platform that offers EUR/USD and a demo account.
Can I trade with just my phone?
Yes. MT4, MT5 and cTrader all have phone apps that let you place orders, set a stop loss and check your balance. The screen is smaller, so it is easier to misread a price or tap the wrong button. The lesson on trading from a phone shows how to check the spread and the lot size before you confirm. Many people start on a phone and move to a laptop when they want a wider chart.
What happens if I lose more than I deposited?
With leverage, your loss is calculated on the full position size, not just the margin you put up. If the market moves against you and your balance falls below the margin requirement, the broker may close the position automatically. That is a margin call. You can still owe money in some cases, which is why the level teaches you to work out the pip value and the margin before you open a trade.
How long does it take to finish this level?
Most people take about two weeks if they read one lesson a day and practise on a demo account. The arithmetic lessons, such as pip value and lot sizes, are worth repeating until the numbers are automatic. Verification and your first deposit can add a few days, depending on how quickly your bank or card provider processes the payment. There is no rush, and no lesson asks you to trade with real money.
Do I have to pay tax on trading profits in Nigeria?
This course does not give tax advice, because the rules depend on your personal situation and can change. What you can do is keep a record of your deposits, withdrawals and any charges, so that you have the figures if you need them. If you are unsure, ask a qualified tax professional. The lessons here focus on the costs you pay to a broker, not on tax.
The words used on this page
- pip
- A pip is the smallest standard move in a currency pair's price. For EUR/USD, one pip is 0.0001, so a move from 1.0850 to 1.0851 is one pip. The value of that pip in naira depends on your lot size.
- spread
- The spread is the gap between the price at which you can buy and the price at which you can sell. It is built into the quote, so you pay it on every trade without a separate charge. A wider spread means a higher cost to open and close a position.
- leverage
- Leverage lets you control a position larger than the money you put up as margin. The broker lends you the rest. Your loss is calculated on the full position size, not just on the margin, so leverage increases both the size of a gain and the size of a loss.
- margin
- Margin is the part of your balance that the broker sets aside as security for an open position. It is not a fee, and it stays in your account. If your balance falls below the required margin, the broker may close the position.
- swap
- Swap is a charge or credit applied when you hold a position overnight. It comes from the difference in interest rates between the two currencies in the pair. Swap rates vary between brokers, and some accounts are swap-free.
- verification
- Verification is the process of proving your identity and address to the broker before you can deposit or withdraw. It usually needs a photo ID and a recent utility bill or bank statement. Until it is complete, your account may be limited to a demo.
What to take away
- This level teaches you what a trade costs before it teaches you how to place one.
- A pip is worth money that changes with your lot size, so you work out the value before you open a position.
- Leverage and margin decide how much of the trade is yours and how much is borrowed.
- The account itself is part of the course: platform, verification, and moving naira in and out.